A professional roundtable in Astana, attended by over 30 audiologists and ENT specialists, discussed rare hearing disorders that often go undetected. Many patients with “ordinary hearing loss” actually have genetic or systemic conditions and receive only symptomatic treatment for years. Red flags for doctors include mismatched complaints and audiograms, unstable test results, mixed types of hearing loss, delayed speech development, and lack of response to standard treatment. Objective tests such as ABR, ASSR, and OAE help detect rare conditions that standard audiometry can miss. Early diagnosis allows for targeted treatment, prevention of cognitive impairments, and proper selection of hearing rehabilitation. Modern audiology requires vigilance: any atypical hearing loss should prompt extended diagnostics, not just the fitting of a hearing aid.